In this article you'll get information about Linux on Raspberry Pi, NOOBS Card the easiest way to use Raspberry Pi, How to Format the SD card using windows and How to Copy NOOBS to the SD or MicroSD card?
Before anything you can do with your Raspberry Pi, you must need to install an operating system (OS). As we all know operating system software enables you to use the computer’s basic functions and looks after activities such as managing files and running applications (word processors or web browsers). Applications use the operating system as an intermediary/medium to talk to the hardware, and they won’t work without it. This concept isn’t unique to the Raspberry Pi. On your laptop, the operating system might be Microsoft Windows or Mac OS. On iPads or iPhones it’s iOS, and on other devices it might be Android.
Operating system used on the Raspberry Pi is GNU/Linux, or often just Linux. The Raspberry Pi might be the first Linux computer you’ve used, but the operating system has a long and honorable history.
Let me introduce you to Linux, the operating system most frequently used on the Raspberry Pi, and we show you how to create an SD or MicroSD card with an operating system on it. You’ll need to use another computer to set up the SD or MicroSD card. It doesn’t matter whether you use a Windows, Mac OS, or Linux machine, but you need to have the ability to write to SD or MicroSD cards using it and a connection to the Internet.
GNU/Linux can be modified and distributed by anyone; plenty of different versions of it exist. They’re called distributions, or distros, but not all of them are suitable for the Raspberry Pi. The recommended distribution of Linux for the Raspberry Pi is Raspbian. Software created for one version of Linux usually works on another version, but Linux isn’t designed to run Windows or Mac OS software. Linux is just the kernel in the operating system, but as is commonly done, we refer to GNU/Linux as Linux.
The easiest way to get started with the Raspberry Pi is to use the NOOBS software. NOOBS is short for new-out-of-box software, even though it’s also a clever remark on term noob, sometimes used to describe beginners in any field of computing. Don’t underestimate the power of this software, though, above all if you’re a more experienced user: NOOBS is easy to copy to the SD or MicroSD card, but provides you with a simple menu for installing a number of different operating systems, including different versions of Linux and the Kodi media center software.
You can buy a card with NOOBS already on it, and that might be the quickest way to get started. If you’ve got one of these, it’s useful to know how to create your own NOOBS cards: It means you can get started with a new card in about 20 minutes, rather than having to wait for the postman to deliver one to you.
You can also find links to download a specific operating system (including Raspbian) at the Raspberry Pi website and install that OS on the SD or MicroSD card. In that case, the download is in a special format (an image file) that describes all the different files that need to be created on the SD or MicroSD card. To convert the image file into an SD or MicroSD card that will work on the Raspberry Pi, you need to flash the card, and you can’t just copy the file across.
In your web browser, visit this website to download NOOBS. Two versions of NOOBS are available: The main version of NOOBS includes Raspbian, the officially supported operating system, so you can use it even if you do not have a network connection on your Raspberry Pi; NOOBS also includes a menu for choosing other operating systems to download and install from the Raspberry Pi, if you have a network connection. I recommend you download NOOBS for your first operating system.
NOOBS Lite leaves out the Raspbian software download and includes a menu to download whichever operating system you want to use. It’s a smaller initial download, and it’s ideal if you don’t plan to use Raspbian. It needs a network connection on your Raspberry Pi to download an operating system, though.
For best results, you need to format the SD or MicroSD card. You can use a program, available from the SD Association, called SD Card Formatter on Mac and Windows, and you can find it here. You need to read and accept the license agreement before you can download.
If you’re using Linux, you can use GParted to format the card.
Earlier models of the Raspberry Pi used a physically larger SD card, but later ones use a MicroSD card. Make sure you have the right sort. The MicroSD cards often come with a holder to make them look and work like SD cards. You might have to plug the MicroSD card into this holder to format it on your desktop or laptop computer.
Whichever computer you’re using, you need to be extremely careful in doing this. When you format an SD or MicroSD card, its previous contents are completely erased, so make copies of any files or photos you might need from the card before you begin. Make sure you have a backup of your hard drive, and disconnect any removable disks before you start, to minimize the potential damage from accidentally formatting the wrong disk.
The Windows SD Card Formatter software downloads as an executable (.exe) file, so double-click it to run the installation program. Click Next to work through the steps. The program suggests where to install SD Card Formatter, but you can change this location if you want. Finally, click the Install button. You may receive an alert from Windows telling you that a program is trying to make changes to your computer and asking whether this is allowed.
After installing SD Card Formatter, you can use the Windows Search feature to find it and run it. On Windows 10, click in the box on the taskbar in the bottom left of the screen to start the search. If you’re using Windows 8.1, move the mouse to the top-right corner and click the magnifying glass to open the search. In either version of Windows, type SD and then click the program name when it appears. (On older versions of Windows, run SD Card Formatter from the Start menu in the bottom left of the screen.) When you run the program you might be prompted to confirm it is allowed to make changes to your computer.
Figure shows the SD Card Formatter software on Windows. Where it says Select card, select the drive that contains the SD or MicroSD card. If no drive is shown, try clicking Refresh. Check drive displayed here, and double-check it as often as you need to, because SD Card Formatter erases everything on this drive. It’s a sensible precaution to disconnect USB drives and any other removable storage devices, to protect them from accidental deletion before you go any further.
The Quick Format option is fast but not secure, so you’ll receive a warning that data might still be recoverable after formatting. (Don’t count on being able to do so, though!) Click OK to start the formatting.
You have a formatted SD or MicroSD card and the .zip file for NOOBS that you downloaded from the Raspberry Pi website. To install NOOBS on the SD or MicroSD card, you simply copy the files inside the .zip file to the card.
On a Windows PC, double-click the NOOBS .zip file to open it, select all the files in it, and then copy them to the formatted SD card. You can do this by using Ctrl+A to select the files and Ctrl+C to copy them, navigating to the SD card, and then using Ctrl+V to paste them.
On a Mac, double-click the NOOBS .zip file and you will see a folder containing all the files you need. From the Edit menu, choose Select All and drag all the files onto the SD Card icon on the desktop. It takes about 15 minutes to copy everything across. When it’s finished, eject the SD card by dragging it into the trash can, which has now transformed into an Eject icon.
On Linux, you can use the desktop environment (where available) to copy the NOOBS files to the SD card. In Ubuntu, you can simply go to the NOOBS .zip file, double-click it to open it, select all the files in it, and drag them to the SD card to copy them across.
Alternatively, you can follow these steps to unzip and copy the files using the Linux command line:
This gives you a list of available disks, as shown in Figure
mount | grep -i sdd1
Figure 2-4 shows the output from this, which tells you where the card is mounted. In this case, it’s mounted on /media/65E8-9564.
unzip /home/ubuntu/Downloads/NOOBS_v2_3_0.zip
You can usually type the first couple of characters of each part of the path and then tap the Tab key on the keyboard to have Linux complete it for you, so you don’t have to remember the whole filename. It might take five minutes or so to unzip and copy the files across to the card.
After you have a card with NOOBS on it, you’re ready to set up your Raspberry Pi. In the next chapter, we show you how to connect your Raspberry Pi up, insert the SD or MicroSD card, and finish installing the operating system.
Some operating systems may not be available through NOOBS, RISC OS is available through NOOBS for the Raspberry Pi 2, but not for the Pi 3.) To create a card for such operating systems, you can’t use NOOBS and must instead download the operating system as an image file, and then use a process called flashing your card to convert that single image file into all the files you need on your MicroSD or SD card.
You can find links to download operating system images at www.raspberrypi. org/downloads. You can also download Raspbian as an image file, if you prefer not to use NOOBS to install it.
To flash your card (also called burning an image to the card), you can use Etcher, which is available for Windows, Mac and Linux. Download it here.
After installing Etcher, run it and you’ll see an elegant and simple interface. Follow these steps to flash your card:
In next article we'll discuss networking in Raspberry Pi.
Thanks for reading now let me recommend you some other practical guides about penetration testing of Remote Access Protocols, Remote Desktop Protocol, SSH Network Protocol, Network Routers, Wordpress website using WPSeku from My Hack Stuff.
Linux on Raspberry Pi
Before anything you can do with your Raspberry Pi, you must need to install an operating system (OS). As we all know operating system software enables you to use the computer’s basic functions and looks after activities such as managing files and running applications (word processors or web browsers). Applications use the operating system as an intermediary/medium to talk to the hardware, and they won’t work without it. This concept isn’t unique to the Raspberry Pi. On your laptop, the operating system might be Microsoft Windows or Mac OS. On iPads or iPhones it’s iOS, and on other devices it might be Android.
Operating system used on the Raspberry Pi is GNU/Linux, or often just Linux. The Raspberry Pi might be the first Linux computer you’ve used, but the operating system has a long and honorable history.
Let me introduce you to Linux, the operating system most frequently used on the Raspberry Pi, and we show you how to create an SD or MicroSD card with an operating system on it. You’ll need to use another computer to set up the SD or MicroSD card. It doesn’t matter whether you use a Windows, Mac OS, or Linux machine, but you need to have the ability to write to SD or MicroSD cards using it and a connection to the Internet.
GNU/Linux can be modified and distributed by anyone; plenty of different versions of it exist. They’re called distributions, or distros, but not all of them are suitable for the Raspberry Pi. The recommended distribution of Linux for the Raspberry Pi is Raspbian. Software created for one version of Linux usually works on another version, but Linux isn’t designed to run Windows or Mac OS software. Linux is just the kernel in the operating system, but as is commonly done, we refer to GNU/Linux as Linux.
NOOBS Card the easiest way to use Raspberry Pi
The easiest way to get started with the Raspberry Pi is to use the NOOBS software. NOOBS is short for new-out-of-box software, even though it’s also a clever remark on term noob, sometimes used to describe beginners in any field of computing. Don’t underestimate the power of this software, though, above all if you’re a more experienced user: NOOBS is easy to copy to the SD or MicroSD card, but provides you with a simple menu for installing a number of different operating systems, including different versions of Linux and the Kodi media center software.
You can buy a card with NOOBS already on it, and that might be the quickest way to get started. If you’ve got one of these, it’s useful to know how to create your own NOOBS cards: It means you can get started with a new card in about 20 minutes, rather than having to wait for the postman to deliver one to you.
You can also find links to download a specific operating system (including Raspbian) at the Raspberry Pi website and install that OS on the SD or MicroSD card. In that case, the download is in a special format (an image file) that describes all the different files that need to be created on the SD or MicroSD card. To convert the image file into an SD or MicroSD card that will work on the Raspberry Pi, you need to flash the card, and you can’t just copy the file across.
Downloading NOOBS
In your web browser, visit this website to download NOOBS. Two versions of NOOBS are available: The main version of NOOBS includes Raspbian, the officially supported operating system, so you can use it even if you do not have a network connection on your Raspberry Pi; NOOBS also includes a menu for choosing other operating systems to download and install from the Raspberry Pi, if you have a network connection. I recommend you download NOOBS for your first operating system.
NOOBS Lite leaves out the Raspbian software download and includes a menu to download whichever operating system you want to use. It’s a smaller initial download, and it’s ideal if you don’t plan to use Raspbian. It needs a network connection on your Raspberry Pi to download an operating system, though.
How to Format the SD card ?
For best results, you need to format the SD or MicroSD card. You can use a program, available from the SD Association, called SD Card Formatter on Mac and Windows, and you can find it here. You need to read and accept the license agreement before you can download.
If you’re using Linux, you can use GParted to format the card.
Earlier models of the Raspberry Pi used a physically larger SD card, but later ones use a MicroSD card. Make sure you have the right sort. The MicroSD cards often come with a holder to make them look and work like SD cards. You might have to plug the MicroSD card into this holder to format it on your desktop or laptop computer.
Whichever computer you’re using, you need to be extremely careful in doing this. When you format an SD or MicroSD card, its previous contents are completely erased, so make copies of any files or photos you might need from the card before you begin. Make sure you have a backup of your hard drive, and disconnect any removable disks before you start, to minimize the potential damage from accidentally formatting the wrong disk.
How to Format the SD card using Windows
The Windows SD Card Formatter software downloads as an executable (.exe) file, so double-click it to run the installation program. Click Next to work through the steps. The program suggests where to install SD Card Formatter, but you can change this location if you want. Finally, click the Install button. You may receive an alert from Windows telling you that a program is trying to make changes to your computer and asking whether this is allowed.
After installing SD Card Formatter, you can use the Windows Search feature to find it and run it. On Windows 10, click in the box on the taskbar in the bottom left of the screen to start the search. If you’re using Windows 8.1, move the mouse to the top-right corner and click the magnifying glass to open the search. In either version of Windows, type SD and then click the program name when it appears. (On older versions of Windows, run SD Card Formatter from the Start menu in the bottom left of the screen.) When you run the program you might be prompted to confirm it is allowed to make changes to your computer.
Figure shows the SD Card Formatter software on Windows. Where it says Select card, select the drive that contains the SD or MicroSD card. If no drive is shown, try clicking Refresh. Check drive displayed here, and double-check it as often as you need to, because SD Card Formatter erases everything on this drive. It’s a sensible precaution to disconnect USB drives and any other removable storage devices, to protect them from accidental deletion before you go any further.
The Quick Format option is fast but not secure, so you’ll receive a warning that data might still be recoverable after formatting. (Don’t count on being able to do so, though!) Click OK to start the formatting.
How to Copy NOOBS to the SD or MicroSD card?
You have a formatted SD or MicroSD card and the .zip file for NOOBS that you downloaded from the Raspberry Pi website. To install NOOBS on the SD or MicroSD card, you simply copy the files inside the .zip file to the card.
On a Windows PC, double-click the NOOBS .zip file to open it, select all the files in it, and then copy them to the formatted SD card. You can do this by using Ctrl+A to select the files and Ctrl+C to copy them, navigating to the SD card, and then using Ctrl+V to paste them.
On a Mac, double-click the NOOBS .zip file and you will see a folder containing all the files you need. From the Edit menu, choose Select All and drag all the files onto the SD Card icon on the desktop. It takes about 15 minutes to copy everything across. When it’s finished, eject the SD card by dragging it into the trash can, which has now transformed into an Eject icon.
On Linux, you can use the desktop environment (where available) to copy the NOOBS files to the SD card. In Ubuntu, you can simply go to the NOOBS .zip file, double-click it to open it, select all the files in it, and drag them to the SD card to copy them across.
Alternatively, you can follow these steps to unzip and copy the files using the Linux command line:
- Remove and reinsert the card so that it mounts automatically.
- Open a terminal window. You can do this by using Dash Home in Ubuntu, the applications menu in your distribution, or a keyboard shortcut (Ctrl+Alt+T in Ubuntu).
- Enter sudo fdisk -l, where the last character is the letter l. This gives you a list of available disks, as shown in Figure 2-4.
This gives you a list of available disks, as shown in Figure
- Study this list to find the SD or MicroSD card. In Figure the screen lists two disks, with the information about each one starting with the word Disk. The file size is usually a good indicator of which is the SD card. The first one (Disk /dev/sda) is 500.1GB, which is a hard drive. The second one (Disk /dev/sdd) is just 7948MB. That’s roughly 8GB, so that’s the SD card. Note the card’s partition name, which in this case is sdd1.
- Find out where the card is mounted. Use the mount command and search for the directory where the card has been mounted in the file system. In this case, the card’s partition name is sdd1, so enter the following:
mount | grep -i sdd1
Figure 2-4 shows the output from this, which tells you where the card is mounted. In this case, it’s mounted on /media/65E8-9564.
- Use cd to go to the directory where the card is mounted: cd /media/65E8-9564 7.
- Unzip the NOOBS download onto the card. This NOOBS download was stored in the folder /home/ubuntu/Downloads, so we can unzip it onto the SD card using this command:
unzip /home/ubuntu/Downloads/NOOBS_v2_3_0.zip
You can usually type the first couple of characters of each part of the path and then tap the Tab key on the keyboard to have Linux complete it for you, so you don’t have to remember the whole filename. It might take five minutes or so to unzip and copy the files across to the card.
After you have a card with NOOBS on it, you’re ready to set up your Raspberry Pi. In the next chapter, we show you how to connect your Raspberry Pi up, insert the SD or MicroSD card, and finish installing the operating system.
Flashing an SD or MicroSD card
Some operating systems may not be available through NOOBS, RISC OS is available through NOOBS for the Raspberry Pi 2, but not for the Pi 3.) To create a card for such operating systems, you can’t use NOOBS and must instead download the operating system as an image file, and then use a process called flashing your card to convert that single image file into all the files you need on your MicroSD or SD card.
You can find links to download operating system images at www.raspberrypi. org/downloads. You can also download Raspbian as an image file, if you prefer not to use NOOBS to install it.
To flash your card (also called burning an image to the card), you can use Etcher, which is available for Windows, Mac and Linux. Download it here.
After installing Etcher, run it and you’ll see an elegant and simple interface. Follow these steps to flash your card:
- On the left side of the interface, choose the image file you want to copy to the card. Image files sometimes download inside a .zip file, and Etcher can burn those images without you needing to extract them from the .zip file first.
- In the central pane, choose the drive that contains the card you want to burn your image to. This process will erase the disk you burn to, so check it carefully. It’s a sensible precaution to disconnect any drives that you don’t currently need connected to avoid the risk of accidentally wiping them.
- Click the Flash! button on the right. The image file is copied to your card and converted into all the files you’ll need to run your OS.
In next article we'll discuss networking in Raspberry Pi.
Thanks for reading now let me recommend you some other practical guides about penetration testing of Remote Access Protocols, Remote Desktop Protocol, SSH Network Protocol, Network Routers, Wordpress website using WPSeku from My Hack Stuff.
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